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You can entrust our professionals to perform functional verification of the machine, including processing sample parts or real-time video viewing of the machine with software such as Z00M WIATSAPP You can use our secured transactions feature to sign contracts and transfer funds to keep your transactions secure The seller will deliver the machine tools to your factory in DAP/DDP according to the contract, you just sign for it You will enjoy the installation, training, after-sales and other warranty signed according to the contract, otherwise the platform will withhold the remaining payment and the supplier will not receive the remaining payment
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Scope of entrusted service New and used machine tools are common, we offer the following services
Functional testing You can entrust us with the testing of machine tools and more details, especially for older machines, you can send samples or drawings for machining tests
Disassembly/packaging For old machine tools, you can entrust our professionals to disassemble, pack and facilitate safe transportation
Home delivery One stop service for dismantling, loading and customs clearance, we deliver DAP or DDP to your factory
Installation/Training On-site installation and training available in any country worldwide, until you can produce products normally.
After-sales/maintenance New machines generally come with after-sales service from the manufacturer and warranty as per the contract. Used machines can be repaired by us upon request.
Accessories supply Whether it's a new or used machine, as long as it was purchased through our platform, we will provide any parts for the entire machine at a fair price for 10 years.
Technical literature Technical articles or advice on purchasing new or used machine tools
What you need to know before buying used equipment What you need to know before buying used equipment
2024-05-16
What factors need to be weighed when purchasing a What factors need to be weighed when purchasing a new machine tool?
2024-05-16
Tool selection and cutting amount determination in  many CAD/CAM software packages offer automatic programming capabilities. These software packages typically provide prompts regarding process planning within the programming interface, such as tool selection, machining path planning, and cutting parameters. Once the programmer sets the relevant parameters, the software can automatically generate NC programs and transmit them to CNC machines for processing. Therefore, tool selection and determination of cutting parameters in CNC machining are completed in an interactive environment, which is in stark contrast to conventional machining. This also requires programmers to understand the basic principles of tool selection and cutting parameter determination. Programmers must consider the characteristics of CNC machining to correctly select tools and cutting parameters during programming. ### Common Types and Characteristics of Tools in CNC Machining CNC machining tools must be suited to the high speed and high automation characteristics of CNC machines. Generally, they include universal tools, standard tool holders, and a small number of specialized tool holders. The tool holders connect the tools to the machine's spindle, and as such, have gradually become standardized and serialized. There are various ways to classify CNC tools: - **By tool structure:**   1. Integral type  2. Inserted type, connected by welding or mechanical clamping (mechanical clamping can be non-indexable or indexable)  3. Special types, such as composite tools and damped tools - **By material:**   1. High-speed steel tools  2. Carbide tools  3. Diamond tools  4. Tools made from other materials, such as cubic boron nitride or ceramics - **By cutting process:**  1. Turning tools (external, internal, threading, grooving, etc.)  2. Drilling tools (drills, reamers, taps, etc.)  3. Boring tools  4. Milling tools To meet CNC machine requirements for durability, stability, ease of adjustment, and interchangeability, indexable insert tools have been widely adopted in recent years. These tools now constitute 30%–40% of all CNC tools, accounting for 80%–90% of the total metal removal volume. ### Requirements and Characteristics of CNC Tools Compared to tools used on conventional machines, CNC tools have specific requirements and characteristics:1. Good rigidity (especially for roughing tools), high precision, resistance to vibration, and minimal thermal deformation2. Good interchangeability to facilitate quick tool changes3. High durability and reliable cutting performance4. Adjustable dimensions to reduce tool change adjustment time5. Reliable chip breaking or curling for efficient chip removal6. Standardization and serialization to facilitate programming and tool management ### Tool Selection in CNC Machining Tool selection in CNC programming is conducted interactively. The correct selection of tools and tool holders depends on the machine’s capabilities, the material of the workpiece, the machining process, cutting parameters, and other relevant factors. The general principles for tool selection are ease of installation and adjustment, good rigidity, durability, and high precision. To enhance tool rigidity, shorter tool holders should be selected whenever possible, provided they meet the machining requirements. When selecting tools, their size should be appropriate for the surface dimensions of the workpiece. For example, flat end mills are commonly used for machining the contours of flat parts; carbide insert milling cutters are preferred for milling flat surfaces; high-speed steel end mills are used for machining bosses and grooves; corn milling cutters with carbide inserts are suitable for machining rough surfaces or pre-machined holes; ball nose end mills, ring mills, taper mills, and disc mills are typically used for machining complex surfaces and varying angle contours. In free-form surface (mold) machining, the cutting speed at the end of a ball-end tool is zero. Therefore, to ensure machining accuracy, the cutting path spacing is usually set closer at the top end, making ball-end tools suitable for finish machining of surfaces. Flat-end tools, however, are superior in surface machining quality and cutting efficiency. Hence, flat-end tools should be preferred for both roughing and finishing of surfaces, as long as overcutting can be avoided. The durability and precision of tools are significantly related to their cost. Notably, while high-quality tools increase tool costs, they also significantly enhance machining quality and efficiency, thereby reducing overall machining costs. In machining centers, various tools are mounted in the tool magazine and selected and changed as per the program's instructions. Therefore, standard tool holders must be used to ensure that standard tools for drilling, boring, reaming, and milling can be quickly and accurately mounted onto the machine spindle or tool magazine. Programmers need to understand the structural dimensions, adjustment methods, and adjustment ranges of the tool holders used on the machine to determine the radial and axial dimensions of the tools during programming. Currently, China's machining centers use the TSG tool system, which includes straight shank (three specifications) and tapered shank (four specifications) holders, covering a total of 16 types of tool holders for different applications. In the processing of economical CNC machines, where tool sharpening, measurement, and replacement are mostly done manually, the auxiliary time is relatively long. Therefore, the arrangement of tool sequences must be reasonable. The general principles to follow include:1. Minimize the number of tools.2. Each tool should complete all possible machining steps after being clamped once.3. Separate rough and finish machining tools, even if they have the same specifications.4. Mill first, then drill.5. Perform contour finishing after 3D surface finishing.6. Utilize the automatic tool change function of the CNC machine as much as possible to improve production efficiency. ### Determining Cutting Parameters in CNC Machining The principles for selecting cutting parameters reasonably are: prioritizing productivity during rough machining while considering economy and machining costs; balancing machining quality, cutting efficiency, and cost during semi-finishing and finishing. Specific values should be determined based on the machine's manual, cutting parameter manuals, and experience. Several factors need to be considered: 1. **Cutting depth (t):** When the machine, workpiece, and tool rigidity permit, t should equal the machining allowance, which is an effective measure to improve productivity. To ensure part precision and surface roughness, a certain amount of allowance should be left for finishing. The finishing allowance for CNC machines can be slightly less than that for conventional machines.2. **Cutting width (L):** Generally, L is proportional to the tool diameter (d) and inversely proportional to the cutting depth. For economical CNC machines, L typically ranges between 0.6d and 0.9d.3. **Cutting speed (v):** Increasing v is another measure to improve productivity. However, v closely relates to tool durability; as v increases, tool durability decreases sharply. Therefore, v is primarily determined by tool durability. Cutting speed also varies significantly with the material being machined. For instance, when milling alloy steel 30CrNi2MoVA with an end mill, v can be about 8 m/min, whereas for milling aluminum alloy with the same tool, v can exceed 200 m/min.4. **Spindle speed (n):** Spindle speed is usually determined by cutting speed (v) using the formula v = πnd/1000. CNC machines typically have a spindle speed override switch on the control panel to adjust spindle speed by multiples during machining.5. **Feed rate (vF):** vF should be chosen based on the required machining precision and surface roughness, as well as the tool and workpiece materials. Increasing vF can also improve productivity. When low surface roughness is required, a higher vF can be selected. During machining, vF can be manually adjusted using the override switch on the machine control panel, but the maximum feed rate is limited by the machine's rigidity and feed system performance. With the widespread application of CNC machines in production and the formation of quantitative production lines, CNC programming has become a key issue in CNC machining. During the preparation of CNC programs, tool selection and cutting parameter determination must be done interactively. Therefore, programmers must be familiar with tool selection methods and principles for determining cutting parameters to ensure part quality and machining efficiency, fully leverage the advantages of CNC machines, and improve the economic efficiency and production level of enterprises. 2024-05-16 CNC machining center uses external tool setter met In the section "Setting the Machining Coordinate System" of CNC process fundamentals, the method of setting the machining coordinate system using tool setting has been introduced. This method is also applicable to machining centers. Since machining centers use multiple tools and can perform automatic tool changes, it is necessary to measure the basic dimensions of each tool used and store these measurements in the CNC system for use during machining. This process, known as tool setting for machining centers, typically uses an external tool presetter.The basic structure of a tool presetter is shown in Figure 5.29. In Figure 5.29, a tool holder shaft (2) is mounted on the platform (7) of the tool presetter, used for installing the tool to be measured, such as the drilling tool shown in Figure 5.30. By using the rapid movement button (4) and the fine adjustment knobs (5) or (6), the position of the tool holder shaft (2) on the platform (7) can be adjusted. When the light source emitter (8) is turned on, the tool edge is projected and magnified onto the display screen (1), allowing measurement of the tool's dimensions in the X (radial dimension) and Z (length from the tool holder reference surface to the tool tip) directions.The tool setting process for a drilling tool is as follows:1. Connect and install the tool to be measured with the tool holder as a single unit.2. Insert the tool holder into the tool holder shaft (2) on the tool presetter and secure it.3. Turn on the light source emitter (8) and observe the projection of the tool edge on the display screen (1).4. Use the rapid movement button (4) and the fine adjustment knobs (5) or (6) to adjust the position of the tool edge projection on the display screen (1), aligning the tool tip with the center of the crosshair on the display screen, as shown in Figure 5.31.5. Measure X as 20, indicating the tool diameter is φ20mm, which can be used for tool radius compensation.6. Measure Z as 180.002, indicating the tool length is 180.002 mm, which can be used for tool length compensation.7. Input the measured dimensions into the tool compensation page of the machining center.8. Remove the measured tool from the tool presetter, and it is now ready for use in the machining center. 2024-05-16 Discussion on Issues in CNC Turning Processes 0 Introduction An ideal machining program should not only ensure the production of qualified workpieces that meet the design specifications but also fully utilize and enhance the functions of CNC machine tools. CNC machines are highly efficient automated equipment, boasting efficiency levels 2-3 times higher than conventional machines. To fully leverage this advantage, it is essential to perform a thorough process analysis on the workpiece before programming and choose the most economical and rational process plan based on specific conditions. Inadequate consideration of CNC machining processes can significantly impact machining quality, production efficiency, and processing costs. This article aims to explore and summarize some process issues in CNC turning based on practical production experience.  1 Division of CNC Machining Processes When machining parts on CNC machines, processes are relatively concentrated. Ideally, all operations should be completed in a single clamping. Common principles for dividing processes include:  Ensuring Accuracy CNC machining allows for process concentration, enabling rough and finish machining to be completed in one clamping to ensure part accuracy. However, if thermal deformation and cutting force deformation significantly affect machining accuracy, rough and finish machining should be performed separately.  Improving Production Efficiency To reduce the number of tool changes and save tool change time in CNC machining, all areas requiring the same tool should be completed before switching to another tool. Additionally, empty travel should be minimized, and the tool should follow the shortest path to reach various machining areas. In practical production, CNC machining processes are often divided according to tools or machining surfaces.  2 Selection of Tool Position Points for Turning Tools In CNC machining, the CNC program should describe the tool's movement trajectory relative to the workpiece. In CNC turning, the formation of the workpiece surface depends on the position and shape of the moving cutting edge envelope. However, only the trajectory of a selected point on the tool system needs to be described in the program. This point is known as the tool position point, which represents the tool's location. The machining trajectory described by the program is the movement path of this point. Theoretically, any point on the tool can be chosen as the tool position point in CNC turning. However, to facilitate programming and ensure machining accuracy, the selection of the tool position point follows certain rules and techniques. Generally, the following rules are observed: - Choose a point on the tool that can be directly measured, ensuring consistency with the point measured during tool length presetting.- If possible, the tool position point should directly relate to dimensions with high accuracy requirements or those difficult to measure.- The chosen tool position point should allow for the tool's extreme position to be directly reflected in the program's movement commands.- Programmers should adopt a habitual tool position point selection method, avoiding frequent changes.- The selected tool position point should be graphically marked in the tool adjustment diagram.  3 Termination Position of the Tool in Layered Cutting When the machining allowance of an external cylindrical surface is substantial, multiple passes of layered cutting are required. From the second pass onward, it is crucial to prevent a sudden increase in the depth of cut at the endpoint. As shown in Figure 2, for tools with a 90° principal angle, a reasonable arrangement is to slightly advance the endpoint of each pass by a small distance \( e \) (e = 0.05). If \( e = 0 \), and each pass terminates at the same axial position, the tool's main cutting edge may experience an instant heavy load impact. Arranging the endpoints of layered cuts in a staggered manner helps prolong the life of roughing tools.  4 Determining Tool Compensation Values During "Letting the Tool" For thin-walled workpieces, especially those made of difficult-to-cut materials, the "letting the tool" phenomenon is severe, leading to dimensional changes in the workpiece, typically resulting in larger outer diameters and smaller inner diameters. This is mainly caused by the elastic deformation of the workpiece during machining. The degree of "letting the tool" is closely related to the depth of cut. By using the "constant depth of cut method" and making small adjustments with tool compensation values, the impact of "letting the tool" on machining accuracy can be minimized.  5 Chip Breaking During Turning In CNC turning, if the chip-breaking performance of the tool is poor, it will severely hinder normal machining operations. To address this issue, it is essential to enhance the tool's chip-breaking performance and reasonably select the tool's cutting parameters to avoid producing long, continuous chips that obstruct machining. Ideal chips in CNC turning are spiral or conical chips with a length of 50-150 mm and a small diameter, which can be easily discharged and collected. If chip breaking is not ideal, the program can include pauses for forced chip breaking, or use chip breakers to enhance chip breaking effectiveness.  6 Selection of Insert Shapes for Indexable Tools Compared with conventional machining methods, CNC machining imposes higher requirements on tools, needing good rigidity, high accuracy, dimensional stability, durability, and excellent chip-breaking and chip-removal performance. Additionally, tools must be easy to install and adjust to meet the high-efficiency demands of CNC machines. Tools used in CNC machines often utilize materials suitable for high-speed cutting, such as high-speed steel and ultra-fine grain carbide, and use indexable inserts.  7 Tool Path for Grooving When machining deeper grooves on CNC lathes, grooving tools are commonly used. If the tool width matches the groove width, the grooving tool makes a single cut. For wider grooves, multiple passes are required. The optimal cutting path is to first cut the middle and then the sides, as shown in Figure 1. This ensures balanced loading on the cutting edges and even tool wear.  8 Conclusion CNC machining programs are directive documents for CNC machines, dictating the entire machining process, including the technological process, cutting parameters, tool paths, tool dimensions, and machine movements. The detailed process planning directly impacts machine efficiency and part quality, warranting significant attention in practical production. 2024-05-16 What To Know Before Buying Used Metalworking Equip There’s nothing wrong with purchasing used metalworking machinery—if there’s nothing wrong with the machine, the dealer that sells it, or the availability of parts and service. These are the major considerations included in what to know before buying used metalworking equipment.How Old Is It?Older machines can work just fine, but they may not have upgrades that reflect current technology. If the machine is a CNC machine, ask about software and training: How fast could your operators get up to speed learning the operational quirks of an older machine? Is it possible to upgrade the machine cost-effectively, or would a newer hydraulic press brake or fiber laser cutting machine make more sense?Where Did It Come From?Dealers in used metalworking equipment buy their inventory from shops that are relocating, no longer need or upgrading to newer equipment, or at auctions where machines from several companies or dealers may be on the block. The seller should be able to tell you where they acquired the machine, and why it’s up for sale in the first place. And most importantly, make sure the machine is under power, and you have the ability to inspect it before purchasing.What Is Its Work and Maintenance History?Just like cars, metalworking machines should have a maintenance history. You should be able to confirm that history, along with the machine’s work history in terms of hours of operation. Check history and hours against the manufacturer’s specifications to see how much working life the machine should have left.Is It Still Under Warranty?Some used machines are sold when they are still under the manufacturer’s warranty. Ask the seller if this is the case with the machines you are considering buying. Before buying used metalworking equipment, you should know if the manufacturer still stands behind the machine or if you’ll be responsible for finding parts and service.Dealer Reputation and ServiceThe dealer’s reputation is a critical factor when purchasing used metalworking equipment. What do customers say in reviews? Is the dealer committed to customer service? What is the dealer’s availability for addressing your concerns? Find out if the dealer is a member of the Machinery Dealers National Association, and whether they have posted their commitment to ethical and honest business practices.Here at 2wedm.com, we guarantee a 24-hour response if your machine goes down. We’ll have it back up and running as soon as possible. We also provide routine preventative maintenance, oil changes, calibration, time studies, and many other services essential to keeping your operation running smoothly. Call 2wedm.com for help with purchasing or servicing used metalworking equipment. 2024-05-16
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